In recent decades, the field of robotics has witnessed remarkable advancements, particularly in the domain of humanoid robots. These anthropomorphic machines, designed to mimic human form and behavior, have sparked widespread interest and discussion due to their potential applications across various sectors, including healthcare, education, entertainment, and industry.
This special issue aims to showcase the latest research, developments, and challenges in the field of humanoid robotics. From innovative designs and control algorithms to ethical considerations and societal impacts, this collection of articles offers a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of humanoid robots.
The articles in this special issue delve into diverse topics, ranging from the design and fabrication of humanoid robot hardware to the development of sophisticated artificial intelligence systems for perception, cognition, and interaction. Additionally, contributions addressing the integration of humanoid robots into real-world environments, such as homes, hospitals, and workplaces, are of particular interest.
Furthermore, this special issue seeks to foster interdisciplinary collaboration by bringing together researchers from various domains, including robotics, computer science, engineering, psychology, and ethics. By facilitating dialogue and knowledge exchange, we aim to accelerate progress in the field and address the complex challenges associated with humanoid robotics.
We invite researchers, practitioners, and scholars to contribute their original research, reviews, and perspectives to this special issue. Through collective efforts, we endeavor to advance the state-of-theart in humanoid robotics and pave the way for a future where these intelligent machines play a transformative role in enhancing human lives.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/special-issue/100G4FZMMX1

Immortal biomimetic humanoid robots with a human consciousness

IRATJ-10-00285

https://medcraveonline.com/IRATJ/immortal-biomimetic-humanoid-robots-with-a-human-consciousness.html

©2024 Shahinpoor. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.

Alpha clone android:

Muscular system

The Clone’s muscular system animates the skeleton thanks to Clone’s revolutionary artificial muscle technology Myofiber pioneered by Clone in 2021, which actuates natural animal skeletons by attaching each musculotendon unit to the anatomically accurate points on the bones. Myofibers are produced in monolithic musculotendon units to eliminate tendon failures. In order to obtain the desirable qualities of mammalian skeletal muscle, a suitable synthetic muscle fiber should respond in less than 50 ms with a bigger than 30% unloaded contraction and at least a kilogram of contraction force for a single, three gram muscle fiber. Today, Myofiber is the only artificial muscle in the world capable of achieving such a combination of weight, power density, speed, force-to-weight, and energy efficiency.

Skeletal system:

The Clone’s skeletal system contains all 206 bones of the human body with a small number of bone fusions. The joints are fully articulated with artificial ligaments and connective tissues. With 1:1 ligament and tendon placement on the skeleton, the android is highly articular and includes one-to-many and many-to-one joint-muscle relationships. The four joints in the shoulder that connect the shoulder blade, collarbone, and upper arm bone have a total of 20 degrees of freedom, both rotational and translational, with an additional 6 degrees of freedom for each vertebra in the spine. With 26 degrees of freedom in the hand, wrist, and elbow, just the upper torso of the Clone without the legs possesses 164 degrees of freedom. These artificial human skeletons are made entirely of cheap and durable polymers.

Nervous system:

The Clone’s nervous system was designed for instantaneous neural control of the valves, and thereby the muscles, with only proprioceptive and visual feedback. The Clone is equipped with 4 depth cameras in the skull for vision, 70 inertial sensors that provide joint-level proprioception (angles and velocities) and 320 pressure sensors for muscle-level force feedback. The control boards for the valves and sensor fusion feedback are mounted along the vertebrae with lightning fast microcontrollers sending and receiving information to and from the NVIDIA Jetson Thor inference GPU in the skull running Cybernet, Clone’s visuomotor foundation model.

Vascular system:

The Clone’s vascular system is the most sophisticated hydraulic powering system ever designed, with a 500 watt electric pump as compact as the human heart able to pump liquid at a 40 SLPM volumetric flow rate and 100 psi rating, allowing it to supply hydraulic pressure to the entire muscular system. Clone’s Aquajet valve technology combines a 100 psi water pressure with a 2.28 SLPM flow rate, under a watt of power consumption, and a three-way configuration in a miniaturized 12mm design.

Source:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk7VfHa4aCQ

https://clonerobotics.com/android

https://medcraveonline.com/IRATJ/immortal-biomimetic-humanoid-robots-with-a-human-consciousness.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/special-issue/100G4FZMMX1

https://medcraveonline.com/IRATJ/immortal-biomimetic-humanoid-robots-with-a-human-consciousness.html